Verdi finally completed the composition of the opera on 5 February , a little more than a month before the premiere, although as he worked on the final stages of Act 3, Piave had already arranged for the sets to be designed.
The singers were given some of their music to learn on 7 February. However, Verdi kept at least a third of the score at Busseto. He brought it with him when he arrived in Venice for the rehearsals on 19 February and would continue to refine the orchestration during the rehearsal period.
Due to the high risk of unauthorised copying, Verdi had demanded the maximum secrecy from all his singers and musicians. Gaetano Mares conducted, and the sets were designed and executed by Giuseppe Bertoja and Francesco Bagnara.
Varesi was very uncomfortable with the false hump he had to wear; he was so uncertain that, even though he was quite an experienced singer, he had a panic attack when it was his turn to enter the stage. Verdi immediately realised he was paralysed and roughly pushed him on the stage, so he appeared with a clumsy tumble.
The audience, thinking it was an intentional gag, was very amused. It initially had a run of 13 performances and was revived in Venice the following year, and again in Despite a rather disastrous production in Bergamo shortly after its initial run at La Fenice, the opera soon entered the repertory of Italian theatres.
By , it had premiered in all the major cities of Italy, although sometimes under different titles due to the vagaries of censorship e. From , it also began to be performed in major cities worldwide, reaching as far afield as Alexandria and Constantinople in and both Montevideo and Havana in In modern times, it has become a staple of the standard operatic repertoire.
Several modern productions have radically changed the original setting. Different characters portray different archetypes from the Rat Pack era, with the Duke becoming a Frank Sinatra-type character and Rigoletto becoming Don Rickles.
He has seen an unknown beauty in church and desires to possess her, but he also wishes to seduce the Countess of Ceprano. The noblemen resolve to take vengeance on Rigoletto. Subsequently Rigoletto mocks Count Monterone, whose daughter the Duke had seduced. The curse genuinely terrifies Rigoletto.
Thinking of the curse, Rigoletto approaches his house and is accosted by the assassin Sparafucile, who walks up to him and offers his services. With a great balance between the grand and the intimate, from plush palace to rundown inn, Rigoletto is an opera that has it all. A palace ball is in full flow. The Duke of Mantua sings of his lascivious life. Amongst his many potential future conquests, he is eyeing up an unknown girl he caught sight of in church.
Rigoletto mocks all and sundry, a court jester who does this job in a nasty, deeply unpopular manner. Rigoletto ridicules him, and the Duke orders him arrested.
As he is dragged out Monterone calls down a curse on Rigoletto and the Duke. Rigoletto trudges home, worried by the curse. He comes across Sparafucile, the local assassin every town should have one! Sparafucile offers his services, but Rigoletto rejects his offer, saying he does not need them.
Rigoletto enters his home, where his daughter, Gilda, greets him. She is the figure that the noblemen suspect to be his lover. The only place Gilda is permitted to go is the church, and she has recently fallen in love with a young man she has seen there. As soon as Rigoletto leaves, that man promptly appears, and would you believe it He bribes Giovanna into letting him in and in the ensuing love song lies to Gilda, telling her that he is a poor student.
He departs. Somehow in the darkness, they trick Rigoletto into believing they are kidnapping a woman from the house adjacent to his, and in the ensuing action, Rigoletto actually assists in the kidnapping of his daughter. He realises what has happened and is utterly distraught.
External links for Rigoletto Sheetmusic for opera Sheetmusicplus. La donna e mobile. Contribute About Contact. The men leave the room believing Rigoletto has gone mad.
Gilda describes to her father what has happened to her in the palace: "Tutte le feste al tempio" "On all the blessed days". Vendetta, tremenda vendetta! Revenge, terrible revenge! A portion of Sparafucile's house is seen, with two rooms open to the view of the audience. Rigoletto and Gilda, who still loves the Duke, arrive outside. Rigoletto makes Gilda realize that it is the Duke who is in the assassin's house and that he is attempting to seduce Sparafucile's sister, Maddalena: "Bella figlia dell'amore" "Sweet daughter of love".
Rigoletto bargains with the assassin, who is ready to murder his guest for money, and offers him 20 scudi for killing the Duke. He orders his daughter to put on a man's clothes in order to prepare to go to Verona and states that he plans to follow later. With falling darkness, a thunderstorm approaches and the Duke determines to remain in the house.
Sparafucile assigns to him the ground floor sleeping quarters. Gilda, who still loves the Duke despite knowing him to be unfaithful, returns dressed as a man. She overhears Maddalena begging for the Duke's life, and Sparafucile promises her that if by midnight another can be found in place of the Duke, he will spare the Duke's life.
Gilda resolves to sacrifice herself for the Duke and enters the house. She is immediately mortally wounded and collapses. At midnight, when Rigoletto arrives with money, he receives a corpse wrapped in a sack, and rejoices in his triumph.
Bewildered, Rigoletto opens the sack and, to his despair, discovers his mortally wounded daughter. For a moment, she revives and declares she is glad to die for her beloved: "V'ho ingannato" "Father, I deceived you". She dies in his arms. Rigoletto's wildest fear materializes when he cries out in horror: "La maledizione! Opera Wiki Explore. Wiki Content. Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account? Edit source History Talk 0. This article is about the opera named "Rigoletto".
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