The poems contain many transcendentalism beliefs, including an appreciation of nature, individualism, and spirituality. He makes clear that he is comparing works of Shakespeare and Homer to the joys of nature, and he finds nature the better and more enjoyable way to learn. This is in line with Transcendentalist beliefs that insight and experience are more rewarding than book learning. The essay discusses what constitutes beauty and how we can appreciate beauty. Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement centered around spirituality that was popular in the midth century.
Key transcendentalism beliefs were that humans are inherently good but can be corrupted by society and institutions, insight and experience and more important than logic, spirituality should come from the self, not organized religion, and nature is beautiful and should be respected. The transcendentalist movement reached its height in the s and s and included many well-known people, most notably Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.
Transcendentalists wrote widely, and by reading their works you can get a better sense of the movement and its core beliefs. Taking the AP Literature exam? No matter what you're reading, it's important to understand literary devices. Here are 31 literary devices you should know. There's a lot of imagery in transcendentalism poems and other writings. Learn everything you need to know about imagery by reading our guide. She has taught English and biology in several countries.
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How to Get a Perfect 4. How to Write an Amazing College Essay. A Comprehensive Guide. Choose Your Test. What Is Transcendentalism? Understanding the Movement. Some of the transcendentalist beliefs are: Humans are inherently good Society and its institutions such as organized religion and politics are corrupting. Individualism Perhaps the most important transcendentalist value was the importance of the individual.
Idealism The focus on idealism comes from Romanticism, a slightly earlier movement. Origins While people had begun discussing ideas related to transcendentalism since the early s, the movement itself has its origins in s New England, specifically Massachusetts. Decline By the end of the s, many key transcendentalists had begun to move onto other pursuits, and the movement declined.
Key Figures in the Transcendentalist Movement At its height, many people supported the beliefs of transcendentalism, and numerous well-known names from the 19th century have been associated with the movement. Ralph Waldo Emerson Emerson is the key figure in transcendentalism. Criticisms of Transcendentalism From its start, transcendentalism attracted numerous critics for its nontraditional, and sometimes outright alien, ideas.
The early temperance movement - spread and temporary decline. Women's rights and the Seneca Falls Convention. African Americans in the Early Republic.
The society of the South in the early republic. Practice: Culture and reform in the early nineteenth century. In the s, the philosophy of Transcendentalism arose in New England. The only rule the meetings followed was that no one would be allowed to attend if their presence prevented the group from discussing a topic. This group ceased to meet in , but were involved in the publication The Dial , at first helmed by member and pioneering feminist Margaret Fuller , and later by Emerson, with the mission of addressing Transcendentalist thought and concerns.
After its demise in , Thoreau moved to Walden Pond where he wrote his most famous work, Walden; or, Life in the Woods. Inspired by different utopian groups like the Shakers, members of the Transcendental Club were interested in forming a commune to put their ideas to the test. In , a small group of them, including author Nathaniel Hawthorne , moved to a property named Brook Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts. The venture, helmed by George Ripley, was covered in the pages of The Dial as an idyllic one that involved farm work by day and creative work by candlelight at night.
Emerson never joined the farm. Thoreau refused to join as well, finding the entire idea unappealing. Margaret Fuller visited but felt the farm was destined for failure. The farm was run by members buying shares for life-long membership, guaranteeing an annual return on their investment, and allowing members who could not afford a share to compensate with work.
As farmers, they were fledglings, but Hawthorne, in particular, was thrilled by the physicality of farming life. The farm proved successful enough that in its first year, members had to build new homes on the property to house everyone. There were over residents. In , following a restructuring that brought further growth, the commune began to fall into a slow decline, with members becoming disillusioned by its mission, as well as financial challenges and other problems, and squabbling amongst themselves.
By , this particular Transcendentalist experiment was finished. As the s arrived, Transcendentalism is considered to have lost some of its influence, particularly following the untimely death of Margaret Fuller in an shipwreck.
Though its members remained active in the public eye—notably Emerson, Thoreau and others in their public opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act of —following the failure of Brook Farm, it never again materialized as a cohesive group. American Transcendentalism. Philip F. Chris Jennings. Arizona State University.
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